The scientific definition of a tropical cyclone is a non-frontal low pressure system of synoptic scale that forms over tropical waters, generally developing when the sea-surface temperature 26.5°C to a depth of at least 60m, with organised convection and maximum mean wind speed of 34 knots or 62.97km/h.

Tropical cyclones tend to cause detrimental effects as they create potential for torrential rain, extreme flooding and destructive winds, resulting in widespread damage to property and infrastructure, turning debris into lethal missiles and cause loss of lives. It is important to remember that the most damage is not caused by strong winds but by secondary events such as landslides, flooding, storm surges and tornadoes.

Tropical cyclones can cause the devastating phenomenon known as the storm surge, a rise in the seas surface that can reach up to 6 metres or 20 feet above normal sea levels resulting in inundation of low-lying coastal regions. The combination of wind gusts and water makes cyclones a severe threat for coastal areas throughout the months of November through to April. Tropical cyclones can last from anywhere between days to weeks, dissipating once it travels over land or cooler oceans.

Cyclones have significantly impacted the Australian population over and over again. Unfortunately, there is nothing we can do to stop these natural phenomena, our communities are still vulnerable and likely to experience more of these catastrophic weather events in the future given the continuous effects of global warming, urbanisation, population growth and settlements along the coastal areas.